Issues in Harmonization of Accounting Standards-Free-Samples

Question: Talk about the Harmonization of the Accounting Standards with the International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS). Answer: Presentation The harmonization of the bookkeeping principles alludes to the way toward adjusting the nearby bookkeeping norms of a nation with the global bookkeeping guidelines. The essential goal of harmonization is to accomplish the likeness in the money related detailing. Various nations have distinctive bookkeeping rehearses; the harmonization is an endeavor to decrease the distinctions in the bookkeeping rehearses embraced by various nations (Wang, 2011). With regards to this, a report has been introduced to give conversation on the harmonization of the bookkeeping measures. For the examination of down to earth case, WIPRO Limited recorded on the National Stock Exchange of India has been picked. Explanations behind Harmonization The bookkeeping guidelines and practices are set out by the administration of a nation by alluding to the monetary condition of that nation. The financial condition of nations will undoubtedly be extraordinary. In this way, there emerge contrasts in the bookkeeping norms and the acts of the nations (Franklin, 2012). The distinction in bookkeeping practices of nations is the essential explanation that laid to harmonization. As has just been iterated that harmonization of the bookkeeping principles gets equality in the monetary revealing of two organizations that work in two distinct nations. The nearby bookkeeping principles of a nation are adjusted or changed to make them in accordance with the universal bookkeeping gauges through the harmonization procedure (Franklin, 2012). It is vital to comprehend that harmonization is unique in relation to intermingling. In the combination procedure, the neighborhood bookkeeping norms of a nation are changed to fuse the arrangements of the global bookkeeping principles. In any case, in the harmonization procedure, the neighborhood bookkeeping principles are adjusted distinctly to the degree these are in struggle with the universal bookkeeping guidelines. In the harmonization procedure, the neighborhood bookkeeping guidelines are permitted to keep and hold the arrangements that can not be changed because of idiosyncrasies of the financial condition of a nation. For instance, Indian GAAP blends the bookkeeping norms to make them lined up with the worldwide bookkeeping standard yet at the same time it likewise gives bend outs. The bend outs have been given to accommodate the regions in the bookkeeping standard which are to be kept and held and not be received from global bookkeeping standard (KPMG, 2014). The harmonization additionally helps the organizations in raising capital at the global stage. So as to raise capital at the universal stage, it is basic for an organization to get ready and present its fiscal reports as per the worldwide bookkeeping rehearses (Wang, 2011). Along these lines, by embracing the harmonization procedure, the neighborhood bookkeeping principles are lined up with the global bookkeeping norms. Because of this harmonization, the fiscal reports arranged by the organizations become equivalent which makes it simple for the speculators to assess the companys budgetary execution. The assessment of money related execution of the organization is a significant exercise in the venture choice. Along these lines, if the speculator can't assess the money related execution of an organization because of the reasons that its budget reports have been readied utilizing diverse bookkeeping rehearses, he would not have the option to settle on out the choice to put resources in to the organization (Wang, 2011). With regards to Indian economy, it is fundamental to advance top notch money related revealing practices for the general monetary development. One approach to improve the nature of bookkeeping rehearses in India is to make the alterations in the bookkeeping practices to adjust them to the universal bookkeeping rehearses (Kaur, 2014). In this way, harmonization of the Indian bookkeeping guidelines is basic for the financial development in India. It is seen that the improvement in the bookkeeping rehearses through harmonization of the bookkeeping gauges in India would support the exchange and business develop. As the harmonization of the Indian bookkeeping practices will help in creating capital markets, improve access to credit, and building up the money related part. It will get the monetary dependability which is significant for the supportable financial development. The Indian economy is on the advancement pathway and it needs the money related help at the global stage to develop q uickly. In any case, it is conceivable just when India blends its bookkeeping and money related revealing practices with the worldwide measures. The harmonization of the Indian bookkeeping measures with the global bookkeeping guidelines would acquire straightforwardness the framework which is genuinely necessary for financial development (Kaur, 2014). Issues in Harmonization of Accounting Standards It is viewed as that the top notch bookkeeping rehearses combined with the tough administration component are the essentials for monetary turn of events. So as to improve the bookkeeping rehearses and the administration framework in the nation, it is basic to expand straightforwardness and fix responsibility (Griff, 2014). Toward this path, one of the undertakings of the administration is the harmonization of the bookkeeping gauges with the universal bookkeeping norms. Be that as it may, the procedure of harmonization of the bookkeeping guidelines with the global bookkeeping norms isn't simple. There are different monetary, political, and social snags that come in the method of harmonization process. It is imperative to discover goals to the issues and issues that are being looked during the time spent harmonization to make it an effective strategic, (2014). The main issue that comes in the method of harmonization process is the distinctions in the monetary condition of the creating and the created nations. The attributes of a creating nation will be unique in relation to those of a created nation. In any case, the global bookkeeping measures similarly apply to all the nations; in this way, there would be sure things that are not appropriate to the monetary condition of the creating nations (Bensadon Praquin, 2016). Further, there emerge issues from the political view point too. The harmonization of the bookkeeping norms is given impact through a legitimate procedure as it were. The ideological groups have impact over the legitimate procedures, hence, the political contrasts could emerge when considering affirming the harmonization procedure. Especially, in the equitable nation like India, the policy centered issues are well on the way to emerge (Bensadon Praquin, 2016). Further, taking a restricted view point, the harmonization of the bookkeeping gauges will likewise cause changes in different laws of the nation. The bookkeeping guidelines are given under the authority of the organizations/organizations act (Wong, 2014). Accordingly, the harmonization procedure would initially prompt changes in the partnerships demonstration. Further, the ensuing changes in the different laws could likewise be required, for example, tax collection laws and protections trade laws and guidelines. Along these lines, the harmonization of the bookkeeping guidelines is certifiably not a one stage process. It will require generous changes in the legitimate arrangement of the nation, which could make it a tedious procedure (Wong, 2014). Further, notwithstanding the abovementioned, the most basic issue emerges for the little and medium estimated endeavors. It has been viewed as that the universal bookkeeping norms will add multifaceted nature to bookkeeping procedure of the little and medium estimated firms (Wong, 2014). Further, it is likewise contended that the global bookkeeping measures are not as pertinent to the little and medium estimated firms as these are to the enormous partnerships. The appropriation of universal bookkeeping norms by the little and medium measured firms adds complexities to the bookkeeping procedure as well as purpose extra expenses being caused by these organizations. Further, the issues may emerge with respect to comprehension of the universal bookkeeping guidelines in the little firms. Without sufficient preparing, the little firms will most likely be unable to apply the global bookkeeping guidelines suitably (Wong, 2014). In India, the service of corporate issues has announced harmonization of the Indian bookkeeping guidelines with the global bookkeeping principles. The union of Indian bookkeeping gauges is all the while. The Indian government has supplanted the old bookkeeping measures with the new Indian bookkeeping principles in its undertaking to join with the universal bookkeeping norms (RSM, 2017). The new Indian bookkeeping gauges have been set up on the lines of global bookkeeping measures. Further, the new Indian bookkeeping measures have been made appropriate to the organizations in the staged way. The recorded elements and the unlisted open organizations with total assets of ? 500 centers or more have been ordered to set up their budget reports for the year 2016-17 as per new Indian bookkeeping principles (RSM, 2017). In the assembly and execution of the bookkeeping norms numerous issues have been looked in India. Right off the bat, the Indian economy is portrayed as a creating economy and the universal bookkeeping measures are encircled from the view purpose of created nations. Hence, the distinction in the idea of economy is an issue itself. Also, India is an equitable nation which implies that the political difficulties are serious with respect to endorsement and execution of the joined bookkeeping guidelines (Siddiqui, 2011). There have been tries since the year 2011 to meet and execute the met bookkeeping gauges, however the equivalent is yet to be actualized in the full stage. The Indian bookkeeping principles varies fundamentally from the internationa

European Colonists and Their Viciousness Essay Example for Free

European Colonists and Their Viciousness Essay William Penn was one case of a main settler that kept up great relations with the Native Americans. There were different pioneers that did similarly. Be that as it may, the greater part of the European settlers didn’t follow this example as John Winthrop or Hernando Cortez. These pioneers abused the Native Americans and utilized them like items. One reason that made a few Europeans maltreatment of the Native Americans was that they didn’t think about the Native Americans as people yet more as creatures or savages. In this manner, they figured they could do anything of them and even murder them on the off chance that they expected to. That was valid for the English settlers who saw the Native Americans a similar way they saw the Irish. Hence, they would abuse them and use them as slaves. They even pulverized their towns and captured their youngsters for retaliation. One thing that the English homesteaders didn’t do that separated them from the Spaniards was that they didn’t recreate with the Native Americans since they considered it to be repeating with a creature. However, this wasn’t the main explanation of this conduct among the Native Americans. Another purpose behind which the homesteaders exploited the Native Americans was power. As of now, power was significant for everyone. The measure of intensity you had leaded your life. Obviously, when somebody had power, he constantly needed more and that was so for the rulers and sovereigns. At the point when Christopher Columbus disclosed to Queen Isabella that the Tainos were feeble, honest and that it is anything but difficult to control them, the sovereign saw a decent chance of extending her influence in America and improving her riches. She concluded that she would make slaves out of the Native Americans and that she would force them her religion. Obviously any individual who might oppose would be murdered. This is the means by which servitude began in America. Another reason for this conduct was gold. Numerous excursions to America had for objective to discover gold. The European pioneers felt that, since they discovered this new land, they would have the option to receive the rewards of the gold laying on it. Be that as it may, when the settlers showed up, the Native Americans were at that point there with the gold. Be that as it may, the settlers had underhanded interests; when they saw gold, they would have the option to effectively get it. That is what occurred with the â€Å"conquistador† Hernando Cortez and his military when they showed up to Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs’ capital. At the point when they saw this city, they got beguiled by the gold used to fabricate it. This fixation prompted the upheaval of the Aztecs against the â€Å"conquistadores†. The fight finished with the vast majority of the Aztecs executed including their boss. The last wellspring of the colonists’ violence was their regions. At the point when America was first found by Christopher Columbus, all the European nations battled to broaden their territories. In any case, the Native Americans were a snag for the development of their colonization. The nations imagined that the terrains had a place with every single distinctive clan of Native Americans. Accordingly, the best way to get the grounds was to assume control over the Native Americans and take assets of their territories. This is again a case of Hernando Cortez’s triumph of America for Spain. At the point when he showed up in America, Hernando slaughtered each Native American clan he found on his approach to then guarantee their properties to Spain. The main explanation he didn’t execute some of them was to have better opportunities to overcome the Aztecs. Be that as it may, Cortez wasn’t the main pioneer to do this to Native Americans and some may have been mu ch crueler than he had. All in all, the Europeans didn’t follow the example of good relations with Native Americans as William Penn and other European pioneers due to dehumanization, force, gold and land. These are the four realities that the greater part of the European settlers thought merited murdering a significant measure of blameless individuals and that made them offer violence rather than generosity to the Native Americans who hadn’t done anything incorrectly to them.

The Benefits of Galphimia Glauca Herbal Remedy

The Benefits of Galphimia Glauca Herbal Remedy Holistic Health Print The Benefits of Galphimia Glauca as an Herbal Remedy By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Richard Fogoros, MD on August 05, 2016 Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. He is Verywells Senior Medical Advisor. Learn about our Medical Review Board Richard Fogoros, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Zen Rial/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Galphimia glauca, sometimes referred to as simply galphimia or thryallis, is an herb said to offer a number of health benefits. Extracted from a small evergreen shrub found in Mexico and Central America, galphimia is sometimes prepared as a homeopathic remedy. In traditional Latin American medicine, galphimia has long been used to treat asthma and allergies. Galphimia is also generally used as a homeopathic treatment for asthma and allergies. In traditional Mexican medicine, meanwhile, galphimia has long been used to treat mental disorders. In particular, galphimia is thought to alleviate anxiety. Benefits of Galphimia Extract To date, research on the health effects of galphimia extract is very limited. Still, theres some evidence that galphimia extract may be of some use in the treatment of anxiety. For instance, several animal-based studies have shown that galphimia extract may offer anti-anxiety benefits. In addition, a 2007 study published in Planta Medica indicates that galphimia extract may be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders. For the study, 152 people with generalized anxiety disorder took either galphimia extract or the commonly-prescribed anti-anxiety drug lorazepam (brand name  Ativan) every day for four weeks. The study results revealed that the anxiety-reducing effect of galphimia extract was similar to that of lorazepam. Benefits of Homeopathic Galphimia Scientific support for the health effects of homeopathic preparations of galphimia is also fairly limited. The available research includes an older meta-analysis published in the Austrian journal Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift in 1997. For the meta-analysis, investigators reviewed 11 clinical trials (with a total of 1,038 patients) on the use of homeopathic preparations of galphimia in treatment of hay fever. Overall, homeopathic preparations of galphimia were found to be superior to placebo in relief of eye-related symptoms, such as itching and watering of the eyes. There is a lack of more recent data on the potential health benefits of homeopathic galphimia. Caveats Little is known about the safety of using galphimia in the long term. However, theres some concern that taking galphimia in combination with certain medications (such as central nervous system depressants and blood-thinning drugs) may produce harmful effects. In addition, homeopathic preparations of galphimia may trigger a number of mild side effects, including fatigue and dry mouth. The safety of galphimia supplements has not been established in  pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications. Always talk with your doctor before taking any kind of supplement. Where to Find Galphimia Available for purchase online, galphimia supplements and homeopathic preparations of galphimia are sold in many natural-food stores and in stores specializing in dietary supplements. Using Galphimia for Health Due to a lack of scientific support, its too soon to recommend galphimia for the treatment of any health condition. If youre considering the use of galphimia supplements or homeopathic preparations of galphimia, make sure to consult your physician. Its important to note that self-treating a chronic condition with galphimia and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences.

The Slavery Of African Americans - 1695 Words

Unfortunately, inequality has not completely ceased to exist in the United States of America. As a country, we have had a long history of injustice among our people. From the enslavement of African Americans, to the mistreatment of Native Americans on the Trail of Tears, and the subtle and sometimes overt discrimination oppressing American women today, there has been a long and continuing history of discrimination and unfair action against our fellow citizens. It would be deceitful for us to think that our nation has lived up to the ideals of the words â€Å"all men are created equal† since the day the Constitution was written by the Founders. Slavery comes in many forms, and inequality has existed among many kinds of people, whether the issue†¦show more content†¦Did they intend to leave such an open-ended phrase in a time when many of them themselves owned slaves? I hope that the answer would be that equality is intended for all, but I cannot help but ask myself why the Civil Rights amendments had to be written and why the Civil War had to be fought, or why the Emancipation Proclamation had to be written. Why did minimum wage laws have to be passed and why does gender inequality still exist today? Finally, why did the thought of slavery or any type of human inequality even exist within our country if the Founding Fathers believed that the basis of our country was that â€Å"all men are created equal?† Apparently, the idea of this phrase has not meant the same thing to all Americans in the past and even now. Maybe we cannot reasonably hope that the meaning of this phrase will eventually be perfectly agreed upon, but I hope that America has a better appreciation and longing for supreme equality in the near future. American equality is purer now than in the past, but we remain responsible to ensure the elimination of any vestige of impurity from the future American concept and application of equality. In May of 1851, Sojourner Truth, an Af rican American woman, spoke about her thoughts of inequality among black women in her speech, â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman.† She talked about how men thought women should be treated

Police Brutality is a Criminal Act Essay - 1661 Words

Police brutality is a very real problem that many Americans face today. The police carry an enormous burden each day. Police work is very stressful and involves many violent and dangerous situations. In many confrontations the police are put in a position in which they may have to use force to control the situation. There are different levels of force and the situation dictates the level use most of the time. The police have very strict rules about police use force and the manner in which they use it. In this paper I will try to explain the many different reason the police cross the line, and the many different people that this type of behavior effects. There are thousands of reports each year of assaults and ill treatment against†¦show more content†¦The one that may be are antagonistic or violent toward the police, or who are intent on hurting themselves. When dealing with these types of people and situations the police can use a reasonable amount of force to protect them selves and others. Sometimes it is very difficult for officer and the public to understand what a reasonable amount really is. It may be something simple like pushing a offender down to the ground or something more physical like twisting a suspects arm and applying the arm bar maneuver. The practice of police using force and it escalating in to excessive force can be traced back to the early seventeenth and eighteenth century, but let start in the mid 1920s when crime was on the rise and growing dramatically in response to the demand for illegal alcohol. Many law enforcement agencies stepped up and out the box with their many uses of unlawful practices to combat the bootlegging problem that were taking over. Also during the mid to late 1960s the police were faced with a very different challenge when dealing with the African America Civil Rights Movement. The police and the communities that they were serving had to overcome numerous incidents of police brutality in it struggle for justice and racial equality. Unfortunately in the United States, race and police brutality continue to be closely linked, and sometime these encounters have sparked many race riots over the years. Many researchers believe that police are most likely to useShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Re flects Negatively On Society1161 Words   |  5 PagesNaJee Hull-Goings Mrs. Fritz English 12 7 March 2017 Police Brutality The increase in police brutality reflects negatively on society. Police officers should maintain charges when they abuse their power of authority. Police brutality mostly happens to young, small, and poor kids in the streets that do not live in a home with their biological family (Berezina 2). Police treat young street adults as if they do not know how to act. Police brutality appears to be rampant because of racism, lack of trainingRead MorePolice Brutality Research Paper1367 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 111 December 5, 2011 Police brutality Police brutality is one of the most serious and divisive human rights violations in the United States and it occurs in every community. The job of a police officer is to maintain public order, prevent, and detect crime. They are engaged in a dangerous and stressful occupation that can involve violent situations that must be controlled. In many of these confrontations with the public it may become necessary for the police to administer force to take controlRead MoreTitle: Police Abuse. The essay includes the definition of police abuse, the causes, examples of police abuse, relationship with racial profiling, suggestions of solutions about the problem.1196 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Abuse An officer who uses more force than policy allows is said to have used excessive force and may be guilty of police brutality, the excessive and lawless use of police force. Police officers are often seen as a thin blue line of protection between criminals and law-abiding citizens, but when they use excessive force, they cross the line and become criminals. Police brutality damages the image of law enforcement as well as the justice system. It leads to loss of trust in the policemenRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Body Cameras1122 Words   |  5 PagesMarquis Hargrove English CP10 Period 2 18 October 2017 Final Draft There are a lot of incidents that happen between police, and criminals. Always a mix up, confusion, miscommunication, and sadly, police brutality, but police always get the benefit of the doubt because of lack of evidence. A incident happened way back in around 2009, it was actually on January 1st. A twenty-two year old young man named Oscar Grant was shot at Fruitvale Station, by an officer that â€Å"thought† he was using a taserRead MorePolice Brutality Is Not A Problem1545 Words   |  7 PagesPolice officers are individuals who enforce the law upon their community to ensure that their citizens remain safe. In the past couple of years, officers of the law have been involved in acts of brutality that seem to go beyond the proper measurements of protection for their citizens. Policemen are supposed to protect their citizens from danger and from harm, not impose a threat on them. The fact that officers have a history of abusing their power indicates that their trust amongst the communityRead MoreWe Must Stop Police Brutality826 Words   |  4 PagesPolice brutality is an act that often goes unnoticed by the vast majority of white Americans. This is the intentional use of â€Å"excessive force by an authority figure, which oftentimes ends with bruises, broken bones, bloodshed, and sometimes even death† (Harmon). While law-abiding citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been revealed that they must also keep an eye on those who are supposed to protect and serve. According to the National Police Academy, in the pastRead MorePolice Brutality1314 Words   |  6 Pages Police brutality Those of the minority community have been subjected, for many decades, to violence by those in law enforcement in the United States. This type of violence is a direct depiction of police brutality, which often leads to death. Police brutality has been an issue for many years, and it remains a major concern for those of the minority community. Over the past five centuries, black people have endured violence in many different ways. Today, police officers use deadly, excessive forceRead MorePolice Brutality Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality against African American people has begun to take a toll on our communities. African American communities cannot even trust the police, because of the way they are being treated unfairly by a police officers of them distract or their state. Which is why the police are being coming more advanced in technology, but still fail to use their powers as an officer correctly. This cause the police officers are using misconduct against African A merican people when confronted by them. ThisRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Police Brutality1561 Words   |  7 Pageshas been an overwhelming amount of police brutality in recent years. Police brutality can be defined as, when a police officer uses more force than necessary. This issue has spread throughout the United States of America, and is putting the lives of our citizens in great danger. Police brutality is not only physical, but it can also be verbal attacks; and, in most cases, it is caused by false arrest and racial profiling due to police corruption. Police brutality has been and continues to be a majorRead MorePolice Brutality Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is one of multiple forms of racial discrimination which involves unjustifiable violence by police officers. This term was first referred to in the works of the American press as early as 1872 in a report of a policeman beating of a civilian. These targeted civilian groups by police officers typically are those from powerless groups like minorities (Latinos and African-Americans), the youth, as well as the poor. There has been a notable lack of commitment in the criminal justice system

Nelson Mandela’s Fight for Freedom Free Essays

Imagine yourself growing up in a country where you might get thrown in jail for drinking from the wrong water fountain; where just because of your skin color, you get paid less money than your neighbor who has the same job; where you can’t even walk on the same sidewalk just because of the pigment in your skin. For Nelson Mandela, this situation was a reality. This style of living began in 1948 and, thanks to Mandela, ended in 1994. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Mandela’s Fight for Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Problems began when the National Party—dominated by Afrikaans-speaking descendants of the Dutch settlers—came to power in South Africa. Segregation and mistreatment of the less superior—non-whites–became a government policy called â€Å"apartheid,† which means â€Å"apartness† in the Afrikaans language. Nelson Mandela refused to bow down to the unjust of the government. Instead, he became one of the most important warriors in the battle to free South Africa. â€Å"We are at the beginning of an arduous and protracted struggle for a better quality of life. In the course of this struggle, we shall have immediate success; we shall have setbacks; but we shall certainly progress, inch by inch, towards our goal,† Nelson Mandela wrote in his book, In His Own Words. Most of Mandela’s life was filled with many battles, tribulations, and hardships. Born on July 18th, 1918 in Umtata, South Africa, Rolihlahla Nelson Mandela studied to become a lawyer. He then joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944. The ANC formed in 1912. It is a multiracial, nationalist organization that intended to extend voting rights to everyone in South Africa. This organization was also aiming to end racial discrimination. Even after thirty years of peaceful petitions to the government, the ANC never achieved any concessions. During the apartheid, blacks and whites had different laws that they were to follow. Blacks were not allowed to vote in parliamentary areas, for example, and they were limited in their use of most public places and institutions. Under apartheid, Africans, Europeans, and Indians all lived in separate homelands called â€Å"Bantustans. † While selected jobs were saved for whites, the leaders justified their rulings by guaranteeing that Africans would have full rights in their Bantustans. These full rights would grant Africans to have the poorest homes, schools, and hospitals. A majority of Africans disliked this system of apartheid. This also included Nelson Mandela. Protests were led by multiple leaders including Mandela. Some protests even ended deadly. For example, on March 21, 1960, an organization called, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), called for a protest against the laws. In Sharpeville, a crowd of unarmed petitioners surrounded the police station. The police opened fire in the crowd and killed sixty-nine people, while wounding many more. The government was fighting back; not even caring that the laws that they issued, and the consequences that were given for not following the laws, may or may not be proper. Protestors could also be arrested. For instance, after the South African government declared a State of Emergency, the ANC was banned. This meant that its members could be arrested and imprisoned for up to ten years. However, these activists were willing to accept the idea of imprisonment or even death, for equality was the only thing that was on their minds. Though Nelson Mandela was eventually forced to take action when the government banned the African National Congress (ANC), he remained non-violent. Mandela’s method of fighting back was a powerful weapon: his speeches and protests. He had a strong belief that all people, no matter what race, were equal. â€Å"South Africa belongs to all people, not to one group, be it black or white. † Because Mandela was so dedicated to his belief in equality, he had to pay a high price: his freedom. Mandela and his fellow leaders believed that not only should they continue to fight against apartheid, but that they should take up arms against the government. Mandela alleged that there were only two choices to make: surrender, or fight. On August 5, 1962, Nelson Mandela was arrested. He was disguised as a white friend’s chauffer. At this point in time, the government was arresting all black leaders that took part in the Anti- Apartheid movement. So, in an attempt to avoid being arrested, Mandela was forced to live apart from his family. He moved from place to place to avoid being detected by government informers and spies. Usually during important events, like rallies, he would often disguise himself as a chauffer or a gardener. Mandela was nicknamed, â€Å"the Black Pimpernel,† because he was so he was so successful at dodging the police. However, he was not successful enough. After being arrested, Mandela was charged with inciting strikes and illegally leaving the country. He had often traveled to countries in North and West Africa to gain support. He also traveled to England where he met politicians. Throughout his trial—the Rivonia Trial—Mandela carried out his own defense. In the end, Mandela was found guilty and sentenced to prison at Robben Island for five years. This jail was bleak, unwelcoming, and depressing. It is about 7. 5 miles off the coast of Cape Town. Robben Island was one of the harshest prisons in South Africa. The island was bitterly cold in the winter and scorching hot in the summer. Prisoners could only wear short trousers with no shoes. The imprisoned were to sleep on mats that lay out on their cell floor. Mandela’s cell was less than thirty-two square feet. He was confined to it for sixteen hours each day. Even while Mandela was in prison, he still gave hope to the people who carried on the struggle against Apartheid. Mandela was brought to court once more with all of the leaders of the ANC. All were charged with sabotage and attempting to overthrow government offences, which would have resulted in a death sentence. When Mandela spoke at the trial, he said that a free, ideal society was what he wished to live for and to achieve. â€Å"†¦ If needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. † No matter what the officials did to Mandela, he knew in his heart that no matter what the outcome was, he would indeed be free in the end. The judge sentenced the defendants to life imprisonment. The government anticipated that the prisoners on Robben Island would be forgotten. However, they were proven wrong. The anti- apartheid movement continued and a new movement to free Mandela even occurred. This movement actually went global. Nelson Mandela became the most famous political prisoner in the world. Leaders such as Desmond Tutu and Steven Biko continued to speak out against apartheid. Some, including Biko, paid with their lives. Some white South Africans even joined the anti-apartheid movement. Over the next months, outraged Africans rioted all over the country. Many were not willing to wait for change. During the 1980’s, the South African government offered to release Nelson Mandela multiple times. Each time the government asked, Mandela refused. In 1982, Mandela was moved from Robben Island to Pollsmoor Prison which is on the mainland in Cape Town. In 1985, Mandela was offered freedom on condition that he stopped campaigning for the ANC. Again he refused because he believed that he still was not technically free since the apartheid was still going on. â€Å"I cherish my own freedom, but†¦I will not give any undertaking when you and I, the people, are not free. † On February 11, 1990, Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years. This day marked the beginning of the end of apartheid. In less than five years after his release, Nelson Mandela was granted the Nobel Peace Prize and was also elected the first African president of South Africa. In 1994, the apartheid officially ended when Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president of South Africa. Today, because of Nelson Mandela’s self -sacrifice, the apartheid has been outlawed. Everyone in South Africa has equal rights and can now live comfortable, productive lives. Many see Mandela as one of the most important people in world history, and one of the strongest warriors. Even after the troubles of the apartheid are long forgotten, Mandela’s personal triumphs will be remembered. â€Å"I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal the view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my walk is not yet ended. † Because of Nelson Mandela and other leaders, laws telling people what jobs they could hold, or where they could live based on the color of their skin were abolished. In 1997, observers noticed that most South African blacks continued to live in desperate poverty and in terrible conditions. Black schools still lacked basic necessities like books and chalk. Some schools didn’t have any windows. However, for the first time in years, the South African government was trying to correct the problems of racial inequality. It would take large amounts of time and money, but South Africans felt great hope that the deed of creating equality would be fully achieved. How to cite Nelson Mandela’s Fight for Freedom, Essay examples

Motorola Corporation

Introduction Motorola Corporation was started in 1928 with the aim of manufacturing a variety of electronic and communication devices. Since then, the company has been growly rapidly with increased net sales and income as well as the number of employees. The company reached its climax in 1993 with reported net sales of $ 17 billion and 120,000 employees globally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motorola Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, of late, the company has faced many challenges which have declined its sales and hence its profitability. These challenges include the size of the company where it became too large to manage in 1990s, involvement in too many businesses, competition from rival companies such as Nokia, and other internal and external factors that reduced the market share of the company in the communication market. The company got involved in too many businesses but it would have specialized in semi conductor devices production. Company analysis The market share of the company has reduced in the past few years as the company continue involving itself in many businesses thus affecting coordination. Involvement in so many businesses, which have proved a challenge to the management: the company ought to drop most of its operation lines or products and concentrate on a few lines or just one that will be easily coordinated by the management. Through the analysis of the company’s recent financial report, the company is able to break-even implying that, if the company concentrates on one line or product, it is possible to raise its profit to higher margins and this concept highlights the importance of specialization in any undertaking. Semiconductor products The company ought to drop all the products it has been producing and concentrate on the production of semiconductor products.  Since 1928 when the company started its operations, it has been manufactur ing semiconductor devices with the main clients being electronic manufacturing companies. The company has continued to dominate in this market for many years; it was ranked the largest manufacturing company of semiconductor globally in 1994. This means that the company already has established itself in this product’s market than in any other product it manufactures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Concentrating on semiconductor products will enable company to restore its position in the market, which it has lost in the past few years due to concentration on so many products. It will also make it easier for the management to coordinate its operations in all the regions where the company operates and this will help to improve its efficiency and quality of its products thus improving the sale and profitability of the company. Conclusion The corporation involved itself in so many businesses, which have grown rapidly over time thus becoming a challenge for the management to effectively organize and coordinate all the business groups. However, the company may also continue with its operation since its financial report analysis shows that the company is able to break-even, even at this time when its market share has declined. The best line or product to concentrate on is the manufacturing of semiconductor devices due to their high profit margin and market advantage the company has on the product. Moreover, the company has been doing quite well in this line; therefore, putting more efforts in the same, market share will increase and returns will escalate pushing the company to great heights. This essay on Motorola Corporation was written and submitted by user Kas0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda essays

Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda essays The definition of Genocide can be found in Article II of the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention and in it acts of Genocide are categorised into five main areas. The reason for this was to make it easier to identify the victims and the perpetrators. The definition seems to hold all the essential elements but it is clear that this definition is sorely lacking in some part. It is reasonable on the part of the United Nations to narrow down the sphere of Genocide but their reluctance to broaden their definition over the years is unacceptable. An issue of great contention is the exclusion of the victims of political genocide. The two case studies that are to be discussed deal with issues of ethnic genocide as well as political mass killings. Rwanda in 1994, in the eyes of the international community, was clearly in the throes of mass genocide. The victims were clear and the perpetrators were clearly marked. In 1975 Cambodia however, a case of genocide could not be so easily proven. Although the perpetrators were acknowledged, the victims could not be plainly targeted. Why is this? Why are political massacres not covered under the law of Article II? The situation in Rwanda and Cambodia share many of the same characteristics of an act of Genocide, but both were not approached in the same way. The question is how many elements of Genocide need to be in place before the international community can intervene. An attempt will now be made to compare and contrast the Genocide in Rwanda and the mass killings in Cambodia and try to uncover the reasons why some acts are considered Genocide and why some others are not. One of the factors that classify a mass killing as Genocide is the identification of individuals as belonging to a certain group. In Nazi Germany, these lines which separated Aryan from Jew, Black and Homosexual were clear. In Rwanda and Cambodia however, victims did not necessarily fit into neat little boxes. The restrictive...

How To Crush A $300,000 Launch With Smart Passive Income

How To Crush A $300,000 Launch With Smart Passive Income Garrett Moon’s 10X-Marketing Formula features interviews with top marketing professionals to uncover uncommon marketing mindsets, methods, and growth strategies. There’s so much you can learn from them to help your business! Today, we’re talking to Pat Flynn, the founder of Smart Passive Income, about how to crush a $300,000 launch and keep up with publishing so much valuable content. Besides starting his own software and app businesses and Websites, Pat also helps thousands grow their online businesses by sharing his process of what goes well and what doesn’t. Some of the highlights of the show include: Initially, Pat did everything on his own. However, his team has grown over the past few years to support his mission. Now, most tasks are handled by his team. Pat handles the big ideas, not the busy work. Pat has been able to output more content and not fall behind as a result, including through online courses, books, and speaking engagements. Plan ahead when it comes to your content. Develop a top-down view using an editorial calendar to maintain efficiency and consistency. What topics do you want to cover? What are customers talking about? Develop lead magnets associated with topics or themes. What potential incentive can you offer to customers? Incentives could include an affiliate product or offer for an online course or Webinar. Thinking ahead of time gives you opportunities to be more strategic with your content. An editorial calendar makes sure all team members are onboard with the same goals and tasks. It’s about content and what teams are doing related to it. Then, they know what’s coming and what they can look forward to. Pat’s team meets every two weeks to review goals and accomplishments of the past two weeks, as well as items they want to achieve in the next two weeks. It ensures that they are working on what they need to truly be working on. If everything goes as planned, that’s a bonus. Fire drills are things that happen and blow everything up. So, you need to have flexibility built into your editorial calendar for unexpected issues and to put out fires. As a manager, Pat is comforted to know what needs to be done and that his team members are handling tasks. It is motivational, too, because he knows his team is holding up their responsibilities, which makes him more likely to do what he is responsible for completing. It’s a cohesive unit that supports each other. An editorial calendar equals freedom, flexibility, and breathing room for you. It takes the weight off your shoulders because goals and structure are developed and in place. A little time upfront means less time spent later on. When implementing an editorial calendar, there are some best practices to follow. It takes iteration, experimentation, and communication. makes it simple. Links 10X-Marketing Formula by Garrett Moon Will it Fly and Let Go by Pat Flynn Smart Passive Income AskPat podcast Power-Up Podcasting course Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Pat: â€Å"I’m only now doing what only I can do. Everything else is being taken care of by the team, and it’s so essential.† â€Å"Have your own content, support your own content.† â€Å"Podcast was on everyone’s mind because we planned ahead, we utilized the editorial calendar, and we hit a home run.† â€Å"Stop, start, and continue has become an important thing for us.†

Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Admission - Essay Example Furthermore, it will help me to serve my country and community with the utmost of commitment and thorough knowledge acquired through my education. Every person learns a second language. The practical aspects of this area of study have been clearly expressed in the book, Understanding Second Language Acquisition (Ortega, 2009). This book has proved to be of immense benefit for those who undertake research in teaching English as a second language. To my great fortune, I read this monumental work on the foundations of second language acquisition. This had a deep impact upon me and strengthened my resolve to work hard with focus towards the acquisition of a Doctorate in Teaching English as a Second Language. I have always been spellbound by original work in the area of linguistics and would be highly satisfied if I could take up research work. I have considerable experience in teaching English and this has always provided me with complete satisfaction. One of the highlights of this pleasurable activity has been the numerous occasions wherein I participated in lectures and had discussions with my peers and professors. Ortega’s scholarly work inspired me immensely and it is now my heartfelt desire to master this subject. Her knowledge and capacity to express complex and abstruse ideas in a lucid manner have inspired me tremendously. As such, I studied the theories of the major scholars in this area and realized that these studies had created a tremendous desire in me for conducting research in this area. Remaining a mere spectator and repeating the wise sayings of these outstanding thinkers failed to provide me with the feeling of undiluted bliss. Consequently, I came to the firm decision to undertake original research in this area. In the early years of my schooling, I fell deeply in love with the English language. Subsequently, in high school, I was extremely fortunate to

Rising tech firm Asus seeks to improve U.S. brand Essay

Rising tech firm Asus seeks to improve U.S. brand - Essay Example The article likewise provided a brief historical backdrop on Asus, including presenting the increasing number of diverse products it currently manufactures and intends to launch in the global market. The current discourse hereby aims to present the summarized theme of the article and to provide a discussion on why the article is interesting and how it ties in with the material from the book. Personal Insights and Critique The article was particularly interesting in terms of envisioning the anticipated upgrades on the noted Nexus 7 classified as the next generation Nexus 7. Being an intent avid fan of technological gadgets, one is amazed at how technological products continue to make regular updates based on customers’ feedbacks from the last product that was launched. In contemporary times, consumers are provided with opportunities to avail of newer models, upgrades or updates as fast as one year from the time that a newly launched technological gadget was offered for sale in the market. Depending on how consumers reacted and responded, the manufacturer either addresses the weaknesses or incorporates innovative features that could complement and make the upgraded product more attractive to the consumers.

Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning

Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) constitutes up to 35 percent of energy used in manufacturing facilities. HVAC stands for heating, ventilation and air conditioning and refers to the equipment, distribution network and terminals used either collectively or individually to provide fresh filtered air, heating, cooling and humidity control in a building. A facility can have any combination of heating and cooling sources to supply the HVAC system. For heating a facility, a gas-or oil-fired boiler or furnace, heat pump, rooftop unit, new technology such as infrared radiation, or electric heat could be employed. Common cooling sources include rooftop units, chillers, heat pumps, air conditioner or some sort of off-peak cooling system. The Basic HVAC Design HVAC systems can vary in design and complexity. Air is taken through an outdoor air intake that is usually a louvered opening on the top or side of the building. Atmospheric pressure pushes the air through a damper, which regulates the amount of outdoor air (OA) taken in by the system. At this point, already conditioned return air (RA) from the system can be mixed with the outdoor air to form mixed air. The mixed air goes through pre-filter where larger dust particles; insects, leaves, etc. are caught. A more efficient filter is usually present to address small particles. After the filters, the air enters a centrifugal fan. Once exiting the fan outlet, the air is under positive pressure and being Pushed towards coils where the air is either heated or cooled, depending on the temperature of the air and the season. Under the coils lies a drain pan to collect any water condensing on the coils. If a humidifier or dehumidifier is needed it is usually incorporated into the cycle at this point. The air travels through ductwork where it reaches a distribution box and may travel through smaller ducts to supply the terminals, registers or diffusers into the workspace. Once the air reaches its destination, it is returned through an air register (usually through a louvered door that opens into a space above the ceiling tiles) in the form of return air that will become mixed air or exit the building. Air Conditioning Air conditioning is treating air for temperature, cleanliness and humidity, and directing its distribution to meet requirements of a conditioned space. Comfort air conditioning is when the primary function of the system is to provide comfort to occupants of the conditioned space. The term industrial air conditioning is used when the primary function is other than comfort. There are three basic types of air conditioners: à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™ Direct expansion coolers include window air conditioners, heat pumps and packaged or rooftop units. Air is cooled and dehumidified as it moves past a cold, refrigerant-filled coil. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™ Chilled water systems use water cooled by a refrigeration machine instead of air. This cool water supplies a coil, which cools and dehumidifies the air. à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™ Evaporative (or swamp) coolers are usually only appropriate in hot, dry climates and bring hot air in contact with a water spray or damp surface. The result is evaporation of moisture, which lowers the temperature of the air. What is Ventilation Ventilation is a process that either supplies or removes air from a space by natural or mechanical means. All air that is exhausted from a building must be replaced by outside air. Outside air must be brought to a certain temperature by makeup air units used throughout the building. Negative building pressure can be a problem during winter heating season and could lead to a number of other problems such as difficulty in opening doors and equipment operation. Air seeps through gaps around windows, doors and ducts. While designing HVAC systems for energy efficiency-cy, it is also good to take into account the design for human comfort. Good working conditions increase productivity and employee satisfaction. The HVAC design should incorporate: à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™ a determination of indoor conditions and how energy use is affected; à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™ the impact on equipment selection, ducting and register design; and à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™ determination whether certain conditions will be acceptable for comfort criterion. Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems The main purposes of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system are to help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort. The choice and design of the HVAC system can also affect many other high performance goals, including water consumption (water cooled air conditioning equipment) and acoustics. Codes and Standards Many state codes also specify minimum energy efficiency requirements, ventilation controls, pipe and duct insulation and sealing, and system sizing, among other factors. In addition, some states and localities have established ventilation and other indoor air quality related requirements that must also be followed. Design in accordance with ASHRAE standards Design systems to provide outdoor air ventilation in accord with ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 and thermal comfort in accord with ASHRAE Standard 55-1992 (with 1995 Addenda) Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Ensure familiarity with, and adherence to, all state and local building codes and standards. Potential for Natural Ventilation and Operable Windows In some parts of the country, where temperature and humidity levels permit, natural ventilation through operable windows can be an effective and energy-efficient way to supplement HVAC systems to provide outside air ventilation, cooling, and thermal comfort when conditions permit (e.g., temperature, humidity, outdoor air pollution levels, precipitation). Windows that open and close can enhance occupants sense of well-being and feeling of control over their environment. They can also provide supplemental exhaust ventilation during renovation activities that may introduce pollutants into the space. However, sealed buildings with appropriately designed and operated HVAC systems can often provide better indoor air quality than a building with operable windows. Uncontrolled ventilation with outdoor air can allow outdoor air contaminants to bypass filters, potentially disrupt the balance of the mechanical ventilation equipment, and permit the introduction of excess moisture if access is not controlled. Strategies using natural ventilation include wind driven cross-ventilation and stack ventilation that employs the difference in air densities to provide air movement across a space. Both types of natural ventilation require careful engineering to ensure convective flows. The proper sizing and placement of openings is critical and the flow of air from entry to exit must not be obstructed (e.g., by closed perimeter rooms). Designers should consider the use of natural ventilation and operable windows to supplement mechanical ventilation. Consider outdoor sources of pollutants (including building exhausts and vehicle traffic) and noise when determining if and where to provide operable windows. If operable windows will be used to supplement the HVAC system, ensure that: openings for outdoor air are located between 3-6 feet from the floor (head height); the windows are adjustable and can close tightly and securely; the windows are placed to take maximum advantage of wind direction, with openings on opposite sides of the building to maximize cross-ventilation. Selection of HVAC Equipment In most parts of the country, climatic conditions require that outdoor air must be heated and cooled to provide acceptable thermal comfort for building occupants, requiring the addition of HVAC systems. The selection of equipment for heating, cooling and ventilating the school building is a complex design decision that must balance a great many factors, including heating and cooling needs, energy efficiency, humidity control, potential for natural ventilation, adherence to codes and standards, outdoor air quantity and quality, indoor air quality, and cost. Where feasible, use central HVAC air handling units (AHUs) that serve multiple rooms in lieu of unit ventilators or individual heat pumps. Although there are many different types of air handling units, for general IAQ implications in schools, air handling units can be divided into two groups: unit ventilators and individual heat pump units that serve a single room without ducts; and central air handling units that serve several rooms via duct work. Unit ventilators and heat pumps have the advantage of reduced floor space requirements, and they do not recirculate air between rooms. However, it is more difficult to assure proper maintenance of multiple units over time, and they present additional opportunities for moisture problems through the wall penetration and from drain pan and discharge problems. Central air handling units have a number of advantages as compared to unit ventilators and heat pumps serving individual rooms. Features for air handling units: Double-sloped drain pan and drain trap depth Double-sloped drain pan A double-sloped pan prevents water from standing and stagnating in the pan. Non-corroding drain pan Made from stainless steel or plastic. Prevents corrosion that would cause water to leak inside the AHU. Easy access doors All access doors are hinged and use quick release latches that do not require tools to open. Easy access to filters, drain pans, and cooling coils is imperative. Double wall cabinet The inner wall protects the insulation from moisture and mechanical damage, increases sound dampening, and is easier to clean. Tightly sealed cabinet Small yet continuous air leaks in and out of the AHU cabinet can affect IAQ and energy. The greatest pressure differentials driving leaks occur at the AHU. Double wall doors with gaskets Double wall doors provide better thermal and acoustic insulation, and will remain flatter, allowing a better seal against door frame gaskets Minimum 2 inch thick filter slots For better protection of the indoor environment, as well as the equipment and ducts, the filters slots should be able to accommodate 2 in. or thicker filters. Extended surface area filter bank To reduce the frequency of filter maintenance and the cost of fan energy, the bank is designed to allow more filter area, such as the deep V approach or bags. Air filter assemblies (racks housings) designed for minimum leakage The filter bank should have gaskets and sealants at all points where air could easily bypass the air filters, such as between the filter rack and the access door. Use properly gasketed manufacturer supplied filter rack spacers. Air filter monitor A differential pressure gauge to indicate the static pressure drop across the filter bank. This feature could easily be installed as an option in the field. Corrosion resistant dampers links All moving parts such as pivot pins, damper actuators, and linkages are able to withstand weather and moisture-induced corrosion for the full life of the system Location of Outdoor Air Intakes and Exhaust Sloped Intake Plenum and Accessible Intake Screen Proper location of outdoor air intakes can minimize the blockage of airflow and intake of contaminated air. The bottom of air intakes should be at least 8 inches above horizontal surfaces (generally the ground or the roof) to prevent blockage from leaves or snow. In northern locations, more separation may be needed due to greater snow depths or drifting snow. Intakes should not be placed within 25 feet of any potential sources of air contaminants, including sewer vents, exhaust air from the building, loading docks, loading areas, garbage receptacles, boiler or generator exhausts, and mist from cooling towers. If the source is large or contains strong contaminants, or if there is a dominant wind direction in the area, the minimum separation distance may need to be increased. Air admittance valves, an inexpensive and code-approved one-way air valve, can be added to sewer vents to eliminate the potential for release of gases into the surrounding air. Grilles protecting air intakes should be bird- and rodent-proofed to prevent perching, roosting, and nesting. Waste from birds and other pests (e.g., rats) can disrupt proper operation of the HVAC system, promote microbial growth and cause human disease. The use of outdoor air intake grilles with vertical louvers, as opposed to horizontal louvers, will reduce the potential for roosting. Intake Screens must be accessible for inspection and cleaning. In existing buildings, an insufficient amount of ventilation air is often the result of clogged intake screens that are inaccessible for inspection and cleaning. Screens hidden by an intake grille should be designed with a grille that is easily opened, such as a hinged grille with two quick-release latches, or in the worst case, a grille with four one-quarter turn fasteners. All screens should be easily removable for cleaning. Consider adding a section of sloped intake plenum that causes moisture to flow to the outside or to a drain if intake grilles are not designed to completely eliminate the intake of rain or snow. Air Distribution and Duct Insulation Dirt and moisture should not be present in duct systems, and must be controlled to prevent mold growth. However, it is not always possible to assure that ducts remain dirt and moisture free. In many existing buildings, sheet metal ducts, as well as those constructed of or lined with insulation products, are often contaminated with mold because dirt and moisture found their way into the system. Duct board and duct liner are widely used in duct systems because of their excellent acoustic, thermal, and condensation control properties. If the HVAC system is properly designed, fabricated, installed, operated and maintained, these duct systems pose no greater risk of mold growth than duct systems made of sheet metal or any other materials. However, the very properties that make duct board and duct liner superior insulators (e.g., a fibrous structure with large surface area that creates insulating air pockets), also makes them capable of trapping and retaining moisture if they do get wet (though the fibers themselves do not absorb moisture). While there is an ongoing debate about the wisdom of using insulation materials in duct systems that might retain moisture longer, all sides agree that extraordinary attention to preventing moisture contamination of the duct work should be the primary strategy for preventing mold growth. As a secondary strategy, designers should consider methods of reducing the potential for future problems to occur due to unforeseen moisture contamination by investigating insulation products now on the market that minimize the potential for moisture to penetrate the insulation material. These include foil vapor retarders, tightly bonded non-woven vapor retarders, butt or shiplap edges, and other techniques that have been developed by insulation manufacturers to address concerns about moisture. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/hvac.html Water supply Water has the unfortunate quality of being heavier than air. it weighs 62.4 pounds per cubic foot. This mass requires a pressure of 0.433 psi to lift water one foot (62.4 lbs/144 in in ft). To put it another way, one psi will lift water 2.31 feet (1/0.433). In a single story building with 70 psi in the street, this can be insignificant. In a high-rise building, this factor will drive the design of both the hot and cold water systems. First, high and low pressures need to be determined. Plumbing codes usually limit the high water pressure to 80 psi. Using 70 psi will result in more manageable flow rates at the fixtures, reduced water hammer and lower velocities. These characteristics will result in lower operating costs and a longer life of the system. Codes often limit the low water pressure to 20 psi, unless there are fixtures such as flush valves that require greater pressures. Nevertheless, a minimum pressure of 40 psi is recommended for the comfort of the end users. With a pressure differential of 30 psi, a zone can be no more than 69 feet in height (30 ft x2.31 ft/psi). Using a typical floor to floor height, for a hotel, of 11 feet, no more than six floors can be served by a single zone. The next step is to determine the system pressure. The suction pressure can be determined by adding the street pressure and the elevation gain (assuming your booster pump is in the basement). Adding the anticipated losses including friction, elevation and PRV falloff to the minimum pressure results in the system pressure. Subtracting this from the street pressure yields the boost pressure. The manufacturer will also need to account for internal losses in the booster pump system. Booster pumps today can be configured in any number of ways. With advancements in pumping technology, vented roof tanks are a thing of the past. A constant speed pump, carefully calculated, could operate without PRVs. If so, PRVs might be required at the top floor, and shutoff head must be checked. Shutoff head is the system pressure resulting from the demand approaching zero. It can be determined by adding the suction pressure to the pressure indicated on the far left end of the pump curve. In some cases, this pressure can exceed the capacity of the piping system. If PRVs are provided on the pump discharge, problems with shutoff head can be eliminated outside of the booster pump package but must still be checked within the package. A better solution is a variable speed booster pump. By tracking pressure, flow or electrical current, a variable speed booster pump can deliver constant pressure at any flow rate. This provides a more predictable system pressure and saves electricity at t he same time. Regardless of pump type, the lower zones in a high rise will need PRVs. In most cases, for economical reasons, direct acting PRVs are used. A more consistent pressure can be maintained by using two valves piped in parallel (figure 1). The smaller valve may be sized to handle 1/3 of the flow rate at an acceptable falloff pressure. The larger valve is then sized for 2/3 of the flow rate at the same falloff pressure. If the smaller valve is set for 75 psi and the larger valve is set for 70 psi, then under low flow the larger valve will be closed and the smaller, more accurate valve will regulate the pressure. A relief valve is required downstream of the PRVs and will require an indirect waste receptor, which is often overlooked in the design of these stations. In many cases, the lowest of all zones may not require a boost in pressure. If so, a separate branch in the main, prior to the booster pump, could serve several lower floors, saving installation and utility costs. The maximum number of floors that can be served depends on the materials used. The booster pump, valves, piping and appurtenances must all be capable of handling the maximum pressure at the base of the riser. Understanding pressure ratings can get quite involved. Bronze, threaded, class 150 valves are limited to 200 psi at 150 F, while the more expensive class 200 valves are limited to 400 psi. Iron, class 125 valves up to 12 in size are also limited to 200 psi at 150 F, while the more expensive class 250 valves are limited to 500 psi. The correct valves must be specified in the booster pump package and in the piping system, at least for the lower floors. At higher floors, the pressure falls; good practice is to reduce the class of valves when a safe working pressure has been reached. Pressure gauges and other small devices are often overlooked, along with, surprisingly, the piping. The maximum safe working pressure of 6 hard drawn copper tube at 150 F is 376 psi, and the maximum gauge working pressure of the solder joint (assuming 95-5 tin-antimony solder) is 375 psi, but the rated internal working pressure of the fitting is only 213 psi. As such, serving more than 40 floors can be difficult at best. One solution, to add a few more floors, is to use stainless steel pipe. The typical joint working pressure of schedule 10S can be 300 psi and schedule 40S can be 600 psi depending on the couplings used. When serving even taller high rise buildings, a secondary pumping station must be used (figure 2). In this scenario, a lower pump serves the bottom half of the building and also feeds the suction side of the higher pump, which in turn serves the top half of the building. Particular attention must be given to the simultaneous control of these pump sets; a buffer tank may be necessary to maintain a constant suction pressure at the higher tank Alternatively, two lower pumps can be provided, one for the lower fixtures and one to feed the higher pump. This separation of the upper and lower building systems will allow for more independent control over pressures and can be useful for maintenance. In most high rises, the water is pumped up to the PRV stations that are located at the top of the zones. The downstream risers and branch piping then downfeed to the fixtures. This decision, however, can be affected by the type of fixtures and the location of the hot water heater. In an upfeed system, the pressure loss due to friction and the pressure loss due to elevation are additive; the worst case is the top of the system where the pressure is lowest. In a downfeed system, at least for smaller pipe sizes, the friction pressure loss will be somewhat offset by the pressure gain from downfeeding. Also, since the friction loss is greatest at the bottom of the system where the pressure is greatest, smaller branch pipes can be utilized. The result is a more consistent static and dynamic pressure, providing a better experience for the end user. An economic analysis often reveals that the cost of the express riser, the upfeed pipe that has no connections, is less than the savings from the smaller branch piping. It is strongly recommended that the hot and cold water in any building feed in the same direction. Otherwise, the cold water friction losses may be at a minimum where the hot water friction losses are at a maximum. Even with pressure balancing shower valves, a differential pressure of 50% could have disastrous results. If the water heater is on the roof, a downfeed system makes good sense. The design of hot water systems is outside of the scope of this article. Engineers often return this hot water to the central water heater. Doing so can create a system that is very difficult to balance. Even when each zone is protected by a check valve, the pressure from the higher zone will often prevent the lower zones from circulating at all. A better approach is to circulate within each zone (figure 3). A fractional horsepower pump and a small electric tank type heater work well. Five gallons and three to nine kilowatts will handle six floors of almost any footprint since the water is only reheating from 110 F to 120 F. Since the pressure is already reduced, the circulating pump and reheat tank can be placed on any floor. Dont forget about the main hot water riser. It must still be circulated back to the central system to ensure that this large column of water does not get cold overnight. One final issue to consider in both hot and cold water distribution is the ability to purge air from the system. There are manual air vents the best way to purge air from the system is simply to provide horizontal distribution on the floor below the highest floor in each zone. This allows the air to collect in each riser and float to the top, where it is purged every time that a fixture on the top floor is used. This is rarely noticed by the end user unless the fixture is seldom used. http://www.plumbingengineer.com/june_08/highrise_feature.php Drainage Pressure control on the drainage side presents other challenges. water is essentially the same in either system; however, drainage theory holds that considerable air travels downward with the water flow. This theory asserts that water flowing in a vertical pipe tends to adhere to the pipes walls, acting very much like a sleeve of water with a hollow core of air, all sliding down the pipes walls until it reaches a ratio of approximately 6/24 full of the pipe cross-sectional area. This watery sleeve travels at almost 15 feet per second (fps), propelled by gravity but restricted by friction. When the piping remains vertical, the entrained air is relatively simple to control, but when piping offsets from the vertical, the fluid flow velocity drops considerably, filling the entire pipe diameter. Horizontal, sloped drainage piping should flow in the 4-8 fps range, so it is easy to see that a large slug of water can quickly develop. This can lead to compressing air in the path of the fluid and/or lowering air pressure on the leaving side of the fluid flow. The impact of these fluid and air fluctuations can be controlled by effective use of yoke vents, relief vents, and vent connections at the bases of stacks. the solutions are largely not unique and have been used successfully on many intermediate-height and even extremely tall high-rise buildings. A related concern is the impact of the hydraulic jump on the piping itself. The mass of water and the rapid change of velocity from vertical to horizontal cause this jump. While the pressure associated with this jump is significant, it does not destroy the fitting at the base of the stack. Rather, the movement of the pipe stresses the frictional forces that hold the joint to the pipe, leading to eventual coupling failure. Good design must compensate for the strong thrust that occurs at this change of direction. Successful methods include increasing the horizontal drain size and/or slope, using thrust blocks, or using restraining joints with threaded rod or similar arrangements that mechanically anchor the fitting to the entering and leaving piping. Once the water is raised and used, it is discharged to a drainage system that includes an attendant venting system, which is responsible for the flow of air in the drainage piping network. Air is critical to the drainage process because drainage flow is caused by sloping pipes, and the motive force is gravity. Absent air, the drainage would range from erratic to nonexistent. When the water in a pipe flows to a lower area, air must be added to replace the water, or a negative pressure zone will occur. If this zone is near a fixture, air will be drawn into the drainage system through the fixture trap with an easily identified gulping sound and very slow drain performance. This condition leads to poor performance throughout the drainage system and trap seal loss due to siphoning or blowout. The remedy for this condition is venting. At the individual fixture level, this consists of a fixture vent. As the number of fixtures increases, venting needs do as well, and a venting system evolves, with branch, circuit, and loop vents at the appropriate locations. When dealing with high-rise drainage stacks, a vent stack should be attendant, allowing for pressure equalization and re lief along the height and breadth of the system. Aside from relieving pressure in the drainage system, the vent system allows air to circulate in both directions in response to the fluctuating flow in the drainage system. In many high-rise vent designs, where stacks need to offset horizontally on a given floor, a relief vent is required. Although not often highlighted, the building venting system also serves to supplement the vent for the municipal sewer, relieving noxious or even hazardous gases and allowing the sewer to drain without pressure limitation. Fire Protection One area that should not be overlooked in any high-rise design is the fire protection systems. As a minimum, all high-rise buildings should have sprinkler systems on each floor and standpipe systems in each stairwell. These systems have proven themselves throughout the years to significantly save both life and property. The specific type, coverage density, and outlet placement all vary based on the building type, height, and location and local fire authorities. All high-rise buildings containing fire protection systems have large, dedicated fire pumps to provide the flows and pressures required for the individual system. While not always tasked with these system designs, plumbing engineers need to know that these systems are an integral part of the building and must account for their presence regarding equipment space, riser locations, and ceiling cavities. Wet systems in commercial spaces must be designed as a minimum to criteria for Light Hazard (0.10 gpm/sq. ft. over the remote 1,500 sq. ft. of floor area). Sprinkler piping on floors up to the 2nd floor shall be sized for street pressure only. Standpipe systems shall be provided .In particular: a. The standpipe risers shall be interconnected and have isolation valve for each standpipe. b. Two four-way fire department connections shall be provided on separate streets, piped to separate standpipe risers. c. At least one fire department connection shall be piped to the standpipe side of an isolation valve. d. FDCs must be located at an approved location. e. A Fire hydrant must be located within 50ft of the FDC g. Roof and floor remote areas must be within 200 feet of hose travel distance from a protected standpipe hose connection. Standpipe risers shall be combination standpipe/sprinkler risers using a minimum pipe size of 6 inch. One 2-1/2 inch hose connection shall be provided on every intermediate floor level landing in every required stairway and elsewhere as required. Two separate water supplies are required for the sprinkler/standpipe system. One must be a permanent City water main connection and the second must be a dedicated reservoir. http://www.newcomb-boyd.com/pdf/high-rise%20article.pdf

Comparing Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman and Joe Keller from All My Sons

|HUM 102 – 020 | |Considering Willy and Joe | |Research Paper | | | |Kofi Boadi | |March 25, 2010 | Willy Loman from Death of A Salesman and Joe Keller from All My Sons, have similarities in their courses of action which prove detrimental to | |their families and ultimately leads to their suicidal ends. | A person’s ambition causes him to work and continue moving forward with expectations of reaching an ideal end. His ideological idiosyncrasy, however, determines the manner of choices he will make to reach his expected end. These conditions are not different in the case of Willy Loman and Joe Keller. They are men who begin with a drive for success which originates from their expectations of reaching some ideal goals. They make choices based on their ideologies, and hold fast to them throughout their journeys. Nevertheless their courses of action adversely contribute to their reputation and eventually result in suicide. Though they make very sacrificial investments toward their objectives, they remain unachieved. To understand their desires, it is necessary to consider the goals for which these men strive. â€Å"If an effect is intended or desired, or a goal is established and pursued, this suggests that it is  valued. Evaluative standards are derived from goals which, in turn, are based on values. Trisel)† Willy Loman fancies himself as a salesman who works till he’s old, and then stays at home, where he works by means of a telephone. Willy’s ambition is stimulated by an eighty-four year old man whose life he had experienced; he aims at that old man’s life and expects a similar turn out for himself. Willy is also exceedingly enthusiastic about his sons, especially Bi ff, who in his high school years seemed to be very full of potential. He expected only great things for Biff and probably expected to achieve greatness through him. Joe Keller also loves his sons and wants to leave them a heritage. He’s solely determined to work hard and establish a thriving business for his sons to carry on after he’s dead; something significant for which his sons may appreciate him. Similarly these men have goals that are centered on their sons. This shows how valuable their sons are to them. Work Cited Trisel, Brooke Alan. â€Å"Futility and the Meaning of Life Debate. † Sorites 14. 2002: 70-84. SORITES and Brooke Alan Trisel. Web. 10 Mar. 2010.

Essay On Drug Trade - 767 Words

Research Question: How has the internationalization of the drug trade lessened the FARC’s actions towards helping poor Colombian peasants - part of their original mission statements? Primary Sources: Velez , Alvaro Uribe. â€Å"Statement by H.E. Mr. Alvaro Uribe Velez President of the Republic of Colombia at the 62nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly .† Colombian Mission to the United Nations . 62nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly , 27 Sept. 2007, New York, United Nations. The President of Colombia mentions the humanitarian agreement to free kidnapped people held by FARC terrorists. He touches on the desire of citizens to ride of guerrillas and paramilitary groups. Finally, he elucidates the persisting attacks†¦show more content†¦This source is able to show the human side of these offenses rather than just statistics. This source seems credible as it is concise and biographical over Betancourt’s life. This source can explain the FARC’s offenses in greater detail, therefore showing the severity of the transgressions. Colombian Civil War. World History: The Modern Era, ABC-CLIO, 2017, worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/521935. Accessed 14 Sept. 2017. This source is good for tracing the beginnings of the FARC. This source also shows the ideological roots of the FARC: the Cuban revolution and Maoist theories. It also details the main goal of these revolutionary groups: the overthrow of the elite class and the government. Finally, it shows the possibility that the US could become more involved in the future. This source is useful as it details the ideological roots of the FARC, something the other sources fail to do. The goal of this source is to give effective background information on the FARC for an audience that does not know much about this group. This source is most effective for my paper in the introduction. Cunningham, Dan, et al. Brokers and Key Players in the Internationalization of the FARC. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, vol. 36, no. 6, June 2013, pp. 477-502. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/1057610X.2013.784603. This source asserts that the FARC does not uphold its original core values of supporting peasants. This source also demonstrates the scale at whichShow MoreRelated Columbia and Drug Trade Essay4824 Words   |  20 PagesColumbia and Drug Trade Nowadays, when someone thinks of Colombia, they unfortunately almost always think of two things, coffee and cocaine (with its associated guerilla warfare). It is true that during the last 50 years these two products, one legal, and the other not, have been great monetary contributors to the Colombian economy. Coffee is Colombia’s principal agricultural product, and it is also the country’s second largest export. 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Capitalism and Freedom Term Paper - 2518 Words

Term Paper Capitalism and Freedom, written by Milton Friedman, seems to focus significantly on the connections between the economics and politics, and the effect that those have in various aspects of society. This relationship was referred to throughout the book, and the topics Friedman discusses ranged between governmental control of money, to foreign policy and trade and the effect that has on our economy. Through the course of the book, Friedman constantly refers to his â€Å"classical liberal† view, which focuses on the freedoms and power of the individual in society. Friedman shows his support of this view during the book using the idea of a laissez-faire government. For Freidman, government involvement in issues regarding society should†¦show more content†¦I feel that a recent example is the conservative’s shift from pro-life to pro-choice. More people have been leaning toward pro-choice, so the republican platform was altered to appeal to the majority. Government and politics shifted to resemble the views of the nation. In a socialist or communist society, however, the government would take the entire control of these views, and the thoughts of the majority would probably not be heard. This brings me back to the fact that the capitalistic view brings about much more freedom than just what comes in the market, but also within politics. The necessity of appealing to the majority results in competition, which results in the approach to perfection of efficiency and also to bring about â€Å"unanimity without conformity† by letting everyone’s views be heard and a general consensus made about which decision is best for society as a whole. Once this decision is made, Friedman believes that the government should do what they can to uphold what was decided by the nation as a whole. Another focus that Milton Friedman addresses is how economics and politics are very closely related. 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